GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) is the general term applied to techniques which employ radio waves, typically in the 1 to 1000 MHz frequency range, to map structures and features buried in the ground (or in man-made structures). Ground Penetrating Radar works by emitting a pulse into the ground and recording the echoes that result from subsurface objects.

How deep can ground penetrating radar (GPR) See?

GPR can reach depths of up to 30 meters in low conductivity materials such as dry sand or granite. Moist clays, shale, and other high conductivity materials may attenuate or absorb GPR signals, greatly decreasing the depth of penetration to 3 feet (1 meter) or less.

GPR emits weak radio frequency signals then detects the echoes sent back and uses them to build an image. The processed signal is displayed with signal time delay and strength. Any object the wave reflects off creates a signal that can be seen as a hyperbola.

GPR: Principles, Practice & Processing

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